Makina Obwezeretsanso Ndalama (CRM)
Makina Obwezeretsanso Ndalama (CRM) ndi njira yodzithandizira pazachuma yomwe mabanki amagwiritsa ntchito kuti aphatikize ntchito zazikulu zopezera ndalama—kuphatikizapo kuyika ndalama, kuchotsa ndalama, ndi kubwezeretsanso—ndi ntchito zina zosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Monga mtundu wosinthidwa wa ma ATM achikhalidwe (Makina Odziwitsira Okha), ma CRM amathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito opezera ndalama ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'mabanki, m'malo osungira mabanki odzithandizira, m'masitolo akuluakulu, ndi m'malo oyendera anthu kuti akwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 7 pa sabata.
1. Ntchito Zazikulu: Kupitilira Ntchito Zoyambira Zandalama
Ma CRM amadziwika ndi luso lawo la "kukonza ndalama m'njira ziwiri" (kuika ndalama ndi kuchotsa) komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu okhudzana ndi ndalama , ntchito zosakhala ndalama , ndi zinthu zowonjezera phindu (monga CRM Hongzhou Smart yomwe imagwira ntchito pamsika wa China Bank):
| Gulu la Ntchito | Ntchito Zapadera | Malamulo/Zolemba Zodziwika |
|---|
| Ntchito Zokhudzana ndi Ndalama (Zofunika Kwambiri) | 1. Kuchotsa Ndalama | - Malire ochotsera ndalama tsiku lililonse pa khadi lililonse: KawirikawiriCNY 20,000 (mabanki ena amalola kusintha ndalama kukhala CNY 50,000 kudzera mu banki yam'manja). - Malire ochotsera kamodzi: CNY 2,000–5,000 (monga, ICBC: CNY 2,500 pa malonda onse; CCB: CNY 5,000 pa malonda onse), malire ndi ma yuan 100. |
| 2. Kuyika Ndalama | - Imathandizira kusungitsa ndalama popanda khadi (polemba nambala ya akaunti ya wolandirayo) kapena kusungitsa ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito khadi. - Magulu ovomerezeka: CNY 10, 20, 50, 100 (mitundu yakale ingavomereze CNY 100 yokha). - Malire a ndalama imodzi: 100–200 ya ndalama za banki (≈ CNY 10,000–20,000); malire a ndalama za tsiku ndi tsiku: Kawirikawiri 50,000 CNY (amasiyana malinga ndi banki). - Makinawa amatsimikiza okha kuti ndalama za banki ndi zoona komanso zoona; ndalama zabodza kapena zoonongeka zimakanidwa. |
| 3. Kubwezeretsanso Ndalama (kwa mitundu yobwezeretsanso) | - Ndalama zomwe zasungidwa (mutatsimikizira) zimasungidwa m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu cha makinawo ndipo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa ndalama mtsogolo. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe ogwira ntchito kubanki amabweza pamanja komanso zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo bwino. |
| Ntchito Zosakhala Zandalama | 1. Kufufuza Akaunti | Yang'anani ndalama zomwe zili mu akaunti ndi mbiri ya zochitika (miyezi 6-12 yapitayi); malisiti a zochitika akhoza kusindikizidwa. |
| 2. Kusamutsa Ndalama | - Imathandizira kusamutsa ndalama pakati pa mabanki ndi mkati mwa mabanki. - Malire osamutsira kamodzi: Kawirikawiri CNY 50,000 (yokhazikika pa njira zodzithandizira; ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kudzera pa kauntala ya banki kapena banki yam'manja). - Ndalama zolipirira kusamutsa ndalama pakati pa mabanki zitha kulipidwa (0.02%–0.5% ya ndalama zolipirira kusamutsa ndalama, ngakhale mabanki ena salipira ndalama zolipirira banki yam'manja). |
| 3. Kusamalira Akaunti | Sinthani mawu achinsinsi ofunsira/malonda, mangani manambala a foni yam'manja, yatsani/letsani zilolezo zodzichitira nokha. |
| 4. Kulipira Bilu | Lipirani mabilu amagetsi (madzi, magetsi, gasi), mabilu a foni, kapena ndalama zolipirira katundu (zimafunika kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wanu kudzera pa kauntala ya banki kapena pulogalamu). |
| Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri (Ma Model Otsogola) | 1. Utumiki Wopanda Makhadi/Kuzindikira Nkhope | - Kuchotsa ndalama popanda khadi : Pangani khodi yochotsera ndalama kudzera pa banki yam'manja, kenako lembani khodi + mawu achinsinsi pa CRM kuti muchotse ndalama. - Kuzindikira nkhope : Mabanki ena (monga ICBC, CMB) amapereka ndalama zosungira/kuchotsa ndalama pankhope—sikufunikira khadi; chizindikiritso chimatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kuzindikira za moyo kuti tipewe chinyengo. |
| 2. Ndalama Yosungira Cheke | Imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofufuza cheke kuti ipereke macheke osamutsira ndalama. Pambuyo pofufuza, banki imatsimikizira chekecho pamanja, ndipo ndalamazo zimayikidwa mkati mwa masiku 1-3 ogwira ntchito. |
| 3. Ntchito Zandalama Zakunja | Ma CRM ochepa (pamabwalo a ndege apadziko lonse lapansi kapena nthambi zokhudzana ndi mayiko akunja) amathandizira ndalama zakunja (USD, EUR, JPY) zosungitsa/kutulutsa (zimafunikira akaunti ya ndalama zakunja; malire amasiyana ndi RMB). |
2. Zigawo Zofunika: Zipangizo Zopangidwira Kuyenda Kwa Ndalama Ziwiri
Ma CRM ali ndi zida zovuta kwambiri kuposa ma ATM achikhalidwe, okhala ndi zigawo zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zosowa zonse zoyika ndi zochotsera:
(1) Gawo Loyendetsera Ndalama (Chigawo Chachikulu)
- Chotsimikizira Ndalama Zosungidwa ndi Ndalama : Ndalama zikayikidwa, chotsimikizira chimagwiritsa ntchito masensa owonera ndi maginito kuti chiwone kuchuluka, kutsimikizika, ndi umphumphu. Mapepala abodza kapena owonongeka amakanidwa; mapepala ovomerezeka amasankhidwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu omwe ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.
- Ndalama Zochotsera ndi Zopereka Ndalama : Akalandira pempho lochotsa ndalama, wopereka ndalamayo amachotsa ndalama kuchokera ku malo osungiramo ndalama, amawerengera ndikuzikonza, kenako amazipereka kudzera mu malo ochotsera ndalama. Ngati ndalama sizinatengedwe mkati mwa masekondi 30, zimachotsedwa zokha ndikulembedwa ngati "ndalama zowonjezera"—makasitomala amatha kulumikizana ndi banki kuti ndalamazo zibwezedwe ku akaunti yawo.
- Ma Vault Obwezeretsanso Ndalama (za mitundu yobwezeretsanso ndalama) : Sungani ndalama zotsimikizika zomwe zasungidwa kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito nthawi yomweyo mukachotsa ndalama, zomwe zimachepetsa kubwezeretsanso ndalama pamanja.
(2) Gawo Lotsimikizira Kudziwika & Kuyanjana
- Wowerenga Makhadi : Amawerenga makadi a magnetic stripe ndi makadi a EMV chip (makadi a IC). Makhadi a Chip ndi otetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa amaletsa kusokoneza chidziwitso.
- Kamera Yozindikira Nkhope (Ma Model Ojambulira Nkhope) : Imagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira momwe nkhope ilili kuti itsimikizire kuti ndi yolondola, kuletsa chinyengo kudzera mu zithunzi kapena makanema.
- Chojambula ndi Chowonetsera : Chimapereka mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito (mitundu yakale imagwiritsa ntchito mabatani enieni) kuti iwonetse zosankha zautumiki, kuchuluka kwa zolowetsa, ndikutsimikizira zambiri. Zowonetsera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zosefera zoletsa kuyang'ana kuti ziteteze zachinsinsi.
- Keypad ya Mawu Achinsinsi : Ili ndi chivundikiro chosayang'ana ndipo ikhoza kuthandizira "mawonekedwe a makiyi osasinthika" (malo a makiyi amasintha nthawi iliyonse) kuti apewe kuba mawu achinsinsi.
(3) Gawo la Risiti ndi Chitetezo
- Chosindikizira cha Risiti : Chimasindikiza malisiti a zochitika (kuphatikizapo nthawi, kuchuluka, ndi manambala anayi omaliza a nambala ya akaunti). Makasitomala akulangizidwa kusunga malisiti kuti agwirizane.
- Chitetezo : Imasunga malo osungira ndalama ndi ma module owongolera; opangidwa ndi zinthu zoletsa moto, zosapsa. Imalumikizana ndi backend ya banki nthawi yeniyeni—alamu imayatsidwa ngati munthu wazindikira kulowa mokakamizidwa.
- Kamera Yoyang'anira : Imayikidwa pamwamba kapena mbali ya makina kuti ijambule ntchito za makasitomala, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mikangano (monga, "ndalama zomwe sizinaikidwe pambuyo poika" kapena "ndalama zomwe zabwezedwa").
(4) Gawo Lolankhulana ndi Kulamulira
- Kompyuta Yamakampani (IPC) : Imagwira ntchito ngati "ubongo" wa CRM, ikuyendetsa OS yodzipereka yogwirizanitsa zida (zotsimikizira, zogawa, zosindikizira) ndikulumikiza ku dongosolo lalikulu la banki kudzera mu ma netiweki obisika. Imalumikiza deta ya akaunti nthawi yeniyeni (monga zosintha zandalama, ma credits a ndalama).
3. Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito: Chitetezo & Kuchita Bwino
(1) Za Madipoziti a Ndalama
- Onetsetsani kuti ndalama za banki zilibe mapindidwe, madontho, kapena tepi—mapepala owonongeka akhoza kukanidwa.
- Yang'ananinso nambala ya akaunti ya wolandirayo (makamaka manambala anayi omaliza) kuti muwone ngati ndalama zomwe zasungidwa popanda khadi zasungidwa kuti mupewe ndalama zomwe zatumizidwa molakwika (kubweza ndalama zomwe zatumizidwa molakwika kumafuna kutsimikizira kwa banki kovuta).
- Ngati makina akuwonetsa kuti "malonda alephera" koma ndalama zabwezedwa, musachoke pa chipangizocho . Lumikizanani ndi kampani yovomerezeka ya makasitomala ku banki (nambala ya foni yomwe yaikidwa pa CRM) nthawi yomweyo, ndikukupatsani chizindikiritso cha makinawo ndi nthawi yogulira. Ndalama zidzabwezedwa ku akaunti yanu mkati mwa masiku 1-3 ogwira ntchito mutatsimikizira.
(2) Zokhudza Kuchotsa Ndalama
- Tetezani kiyibodi yanu ndi dzanja/thupi lanu mukalemba mawu achinsinsi kuti musayang'ane kapena makamera obisika.
- Werengani ndalama nthawi yomweyo mutatulutsa; tsimikizirani ndalamazo musanachoke (mikangano imakhala yovuta kuthetsa mukangochoka pa makina).
- Musakakamize kuti ndalama zichotsedwe ngati ndalama zabwezedwa—funsani banki kuti ikuthandizeni kukonza ndi manja.
(3) Malangizo Oteteza
- Samalani ndi zolakwika: Ngati CRM ili ndi "ma keypad olumikizidwa," "makamera otsekedwa," kapena "zinthu zakunja zomwe zili mu malo osungira makadi" (monga zida zochotsera deta), siyani kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikufotokozera banki.
- Kanani "chithandizo cha mlendo": Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto pa ntchito, funsani chithandizo cha makasitomala cha banki kapena pitani ku nthambi yapafupi—musalole kuti alendo akuthandizeni.
- Tetezani zambiri za akaunti: Musagawane mawu achinsinsi anu; musadina "maulalo osadziwika" pa mawonekedwe a CRM (achinyengo angasokoneze mawonekedwewo kuti aba deta).
4. CRM vs. ATM Zachikhalidwe ndi Maakaunta a Banki
Ma CRM amathetsa kusiyana pakati pa ma ATM akale (omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokha) ndi ma counter a banki (ogwira ntchito yonse koma nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zothandiza:
| Kuyerekeza Kukula | Makina Obwezeretsanso Ndalama (CRM) | ATM yachikhalidwe | Kauntala ya Banki |
|---|
| Ntchito Zapakati | Kuyika ndalama, kuchotsa, kusamutsa, kulipira bilu (ntchito zambiri) | Kuchotsa ndalama, kufunsa, kusamutsa (popanda kuyika ndalama) | Ntchito zonse (kusungitsa ndalama/kutulutsa, kutsegula akaunti, ngongole, kasamalidwe ka chuma) |
| Malire a Ndalama | Ndalama zolipirira: ≤ CNY 50,000/tsiku; Kuchotsa: ≤ CNY 20,000/tsiku (zosinthika) | Kuchotsa: ≤ CNY 20,000/tsiku (palibe dipositi) | Palibe malire apamwamba (kuchotsa ndalama zambiri kumafuna kusungitsa pasadakhale tsiku limodzi) |
| Maola Ogwira Ntchito | Maola 24 pa sabata (malo odzichitira okha/nthambi zakunja) | 24/7 | Maola a banki (nthawi zambiri 9:00–17:00) |
| Liwiro Lokonza | Mwachangu (mphindi 1–3 pa malonda aliwonse) | Mwachangu (≤mphindi imodzi kuti muchotse ndalama) | Pang'onopang'ono (mphindi 5–10 pa malonda aliwonse; kudikira pamzere) |
| Zochitika Zabwino Kwambiri | Kulipira ndalama za tsiku ndi tsiku kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zapakati, kulipira mabilu | Kuchotsa ndalama mwadzidzidzi | Kugulitsa ndalama zambiri, ntchito zovuta (monga kutsegula akaunti) |
Mwachidule, Makina Obwezeretsanso Ndalama ndi maziko a ntchito zamakono zodzisamalira. Mwa kuphatikiza ntchito zosungitsa ndalama, zotulutsa ndalama, komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama, amapereka mwayi kwa makasitomala maola 24 pa sabata, masiku 7 pa sabata, komanso kuthandiza mabanki kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Malo athu osungiramo zinthu monga CRM/ATM/Bank open account Kiosk akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabanki oposa 20 m'dziko muno, ali ndi CRM/ATM ya banki kapena pulojekiti yosungiramo zinthu monga banki, chonde lankhulani ndi gulu lathu logulitsa tsopano.